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The Marketing category has detailed articles, concepts and How-tos to help students and professionals learn the concepts and applications.

What is Transactional Analysis Theory? And it’s Usage

June 10, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Transactional Analysis

Have you ever thought about how you build relationships with others? Was it easy for you to make new friends at your new job, or…

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What is Research Gap? And How to Identify it

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Research Gap

The initial step in conducting a study is to identify previously unknown and unexplored parts of research. When you choose such an area, your research…

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Integrative Negotiation: Definition, Importance and Process

December 16, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Integrative Negotiation

Integrative negotiation is defined as a negotiation strategy that focuses on mutual collaboration to arrive at a common conclusion. It is also known as a…

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What is a Research Hypothesis And How to Write it?

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Research Hypothesis

A research hypothesis can be defined as a clear, specific and predictive statement that states the possible outcome of a scientific study. The result of…

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What is Service Excellence? And Why it is Important & excellent

June 13, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Services Excellence

When you go beyond the expectations of your customers and offer an industry-leading experience that truly bowls over them – then such activity is understood…

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What are Research Skills? And Why are they Important?

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Research Skills

Research skills are essential to many employers since they help the organisation to develop new products and services, identify the wants and needs of the…

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25 Great Advertising Slogans (How to Create One?)

December 21, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Advertising Slogan

What is an Advertising Slogan? Advertising slogans, also known as taglines, are brief, catchy phrases or sentences used in marketing and advertising campaigns. Their purpose…

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What is Authenticity and Why it is Important?

June 10, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Authenticity

The quality of being authentic in a way that the actions, responses, and behavioral tendencies of an individual are in agreement with his or her…

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What is Video Advertising? Definition, Types and Trends

February 26, 2025 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Video Advertising

What is Video Advertising? Video advertising is a the concept of advertising a product or service through videos. It refers to the promotional videos that…

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What is Direct Mail Advertising? Techniques, Do’s and Don’ts Explained

February 26, 2025 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Direct Mail Advertising

Direct mail advertising can be understood as a type of direct marketing that is channelized using a mail service for delivering marketing materials like brochures,…

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Sales Methodology | 11 Types Of Sales Methodology

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Sales methodology

Sales methodology is an essential element of the sales process, which is the framework, general tactic, and philosophy that guides the salesperson in each step…

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The History of Advertising (With Yearly Timeline)

December 19, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

History of Advertising

Advertising is a global phenomenon that has been influencing people’s ways of perceiving things around them for ages. The very first indications of advertising are…

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Media Strategy: Meaning, Elements and Types

February 26, 2025 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Media Strategy

What is Media Strategy? A media strategy is a plan of action that helps your business reach its target audience and to improve the overall…

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Perception: Meaning, and Process of Perception

September 20, 2020 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Perception Perception is a Latin word that can be defined as the ability of a person to see, hear, feel, regard, and understand through sensory means. Every human being has a different perception because each human being sense and follows a situation in a different way. A person can be happy in a specific condition whereas at the same time another person can be unhappy in the same condition. The way each human being perceives anything is defined through his perception. Therefore, if you want to understand the behaviour of a person or why he behaves in a certain way, then it is essential to understand the concept of perception. This will not only help you know other people better but will also help you in creating healthy relationships with them. Keep reading this article to learn about perception and perceptual processes. Definition of perception: Perception can be defined as a way or an individual’s ability to interpret something through their senses, or mind, or understanding. The perception of an individual is the product of his or her act of perceiving or looking at things. The perception of each individual is different from one another because of their individual experiences. Meaning of perception: The definition of perception can be the awareness of somebody towards something. It could be one’s feelings, thoughts, or social surroundings. It is a perceptual process through which one experiences the world. For example, different people can have different perceptions for one sound of music, such as one might find rock music as noise, and others can find rock music motivating. Therefore, perception can be stated as our sensory experience of the world that exists around us. It helps us in recognising the environmental stimuli around us and also motivates our response to those stimuli. The perceptual process helps us in understanding the environment that exists around us and also helps us in gaining information about the properties and elements of the situation. The information about the features and aspects of the environment allows humans to survive in the environment around them. The perception of an individual is formed through five senses, such as touch, smell, taste, sight, and feel. The perception of an individual is formed through the mentioned set of senses that are involved in detecting the changes and movement happening in body position. Also, the perception includes a cognitive process that is necessary to process information. For example, a cognitive process takes place when a person reacts to a familiar face or comes across a familiar scent. Perceptual Process: A perceptual process involves a set of steps that evokes with the environment and helps us in generating perception for a stimulus and the required action to be taken in the situation. The perceptual process is a continual process. Therefore, an individual does not spend a lot of time thinking about the process to react to a situation that takes place around him at a given point in time. Take the example of light falling on your retina. The process of transforming the light that falls on your retina into an image happens automatically and unconsciously. You are not required to put effort into getting the output. In this section, you will learn about the steps that are involved in building a perceptual process. Let us learn about them one by one. Steps involved in the perceptual process: Step 1: The environmental event: The world that occurs around us is full of various activities that might attract our attention. An ecological event or stimuli can be referred to anything that happens in our environment and has the potential to be perceived by us. Anything present in the environment that one can perceive through their senses like touch, taste, look, smell, and hear. This can also lead to proprioception where changes in the body take place such as leg and arms with the objects that take place in the environment. For example, when you travel in a train, you come across various environmental stimuli that grab your attention such as the trees on the sides of the rail tracks, clouds in the sky, people standing on the railway station, a person selling water bottles in the train, people sitting by your side and talking to one another, sound of announcements, etc. All of these events are examples of environmental stimuli taking place around you and can serve as an initial point of your perceptual process. Step 2: The attended stimulus in the environment: The attended stimulus is one stimulus taking place around us in the environment. It is referred to as attended stimuli because the attention of the observer is focused on it. Most of the time, people pay attention to the stimulus that they are familiar with. For example, you are more likely to pay attention to the face of your friend out of the massive crowd of people. Otherwise, we are likely to pay attention to an event that is unconventional such as people usually get attracted to the people with a physical deformity. For example, during your train journey, you observe a signboard at a railway station. Right after you see the sign, the visual process in the perceptual process will begin, which is the third step of the perceptual process. Step 3: Image builds on the retina: In this step, the image of the attended stimuli creates on your eyes’ retina. In the process of creating an image on your retina, light first enters the eyes then pass through the cornea, pupil, and finally to the lens of the eye. The light is focused with the help of the cornea after it enters the eye. Both cornea and lens help in building the inverted image of the object onto the retina of the eye. You must have learned that an inverted image of an object is built on the retina of the eye. The image formed on your retina might not be vital because you do not yet perceive it. The visual image created might become more useful in the next step of the perceptual process. Step 4: Transduction: The next stage of the perceptual process is transduction. In the process of transduction, the image built of the retina is converted into electrical signals. These signals are used to send messages to the brain so that it can interpret the meaning of the image. The retina of a human eye consists of several photoreceptor cells. These photoreceptor cells contain two types of protein that are known as rods and cones. The rods in the retina of a human eye perform the function of seeing things in the low light. On the other hand, cones are used to detect the colour and shape of the image at an average light level. Both rods and cones consist of a molecule known as retinal. The role of retinal is transducing the light into visual signals that are further transmitted with the help of nerve impulses. Step 5: Neural Processing: The next phase is neural processing. The electrical signals generated, undergo neural processing. There can be two types of signals, such as auditory signal and visual signal. The path followed by each signal depends on the type and nature of the signal. The electrical signals are communicated from the receptor cells to the brain with the help of many series of connected neurons present throughout the body. For example, in the previous case, the image of the signboard on the railway station is received in the form of light on the retina, which is transduced into an electrical signal and processed with the help of series of neurons in the visual network. Step 6: Perception: The next step of the perceptual process is perception. In this process, the stimulus object in the environment is finally perceived. At this point, our mind consciously becomes aware of the stimulus. In our example, at this stage of the perceptual process, our mind becomes aware of the information written on the signboard of the railway station. However, there is still a difference between becoming aware and becoming fully aware of the stimuli perceived by us. In the next step of the perceptual process, the information perceived by us is further categorised into meaningful categories. Step 7: Recognition: The process of perception does not only end with our mind consciously becoming aware of the stimuli, but our brain also needs to understand the meaning of what we are seeing and to interpret it. Our ability to understand and interpret the purpose of the object that we see and sense is called recognition. From our example, now you can not only see but also understand the meaning of the written text on the signboard. The recognition step is essential in the perceptual process because, through recognition, we make sense of the world that exists around us. By making sense of the objects and interpreting their meaning, we can react correctly to the world living around us. Step 8: Action: The last and the final step of the perceptual process is the action taken by an individual in response to the environmental stimulus. There can be different types of activities in response to the one stimuli. For example, you might act with your head-turning in a particular direction or action by involving your hands. The action stage of the perceptual process involves some motor activity that takes place in response to the perceived stimuli. In our example, you might act according to what information is written on the board. For example, if you read a sign written, “take a left,” then you will respond by turning your face in the left direction and walking in that direction.

Perception is a Latin word that can be defined as the ability of a person to see, hear, feel, regard, and understand through sensory means….

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Questionnaire: Definition, Characteristics & Advantages

December 13, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Questionnaire

Research plays a crucial role in the success of a business. Companies opt for different types of research methods to collect information, as a business…

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How to Manage your Sales Team Effectively?

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Sales Team

In the beginning, one person can perform all the duties alone, such as sales manager, sales director, and salesperson. But when a company grows, one…

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5 Steps to Set Sales Goals – Types and Examples Included

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Sales goals

Sales goals are the objectives that should be achieved to complete sales targets or as a part of sales targets. Numbers are a part of…

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Difference Between B2C Sales and B2B Sales

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

B2C sales

B2C sales refer to Business to Consumer sales, which is the models in which the businesses target individual customers. Sales representatives are the best examples…

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What is Permission Marketing? Meaning And Benefits

December 13, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

What is permission marketing

Permission marketing is a type of marketing where a business takes the permission of its intended audience to receive marketing and promotional emails. The audience…

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10 Reasons you Need Sales Experience and How to get it

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

sales experience

Working in sales is one of the hardest jobs. It requires persistence, mental toughness, and an ability to take on everything that comes your way,…

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What is PR Crisis? Recent PR Disaster Examples to Learn PR Management in 2025

December 23, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

What is PR Crisis

PR crisis is a public relations nightmare that can cause serious damage to a company’s reputation. It includes any scandal or controversy, ranging from social…

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Strategic brand management – Process, Importance and Strategy Examples

December 20, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Strategic brand management - 2

Strategic brand management is the process of building, measuring, and managing brand equity, brand recognition, and presence to boost revenue and accomplish long-term business objectives….

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11 Creative Coca Cola Advertising Examples and Popular Campaigns

February 26, 2025 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Coca-Cola Advertising

Coca-Cola being an American corporation, manufacturer, marketer, and retailer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, offers more than 350 brands in over 200 countries, along…

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Billboard Advertising – Concept, Advantages, Types, Cost, Tips

June 10, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Billboards Advertising Cost

Billboard advertising is when Billboards are positioned in a way to attract the maximum number of people to the advertising. They are generally put up…

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Public Service Advertising | Meaning and Examples

December 23, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Public service advertising

When advertising companies work with non-profit organizations to come up with some Public Service Announcements (PSAs) intended to convince ad audiences to opt for healthy…

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Research and Development – Meaning and Types

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Research and Development

Research and Development commonly abbreviated as R & D is a process with the help of which a company functions to gain new knowledge. It…

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What is Advertising Effectiveness and How to Measure it?

November 25, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Advertising Effectiveness

Advertisements are the backbone of any business, even small businesses, and undoubtedly, brands should focus on relevant ad campaigns to optimize their reach, lead generations,…

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Creative Advertising – Definition, Ideas and Campaigns

December 23, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Creative advertising

Creative advertising is an advertising practice that brings together a team of creative people to make ad campaigns that can creatively share the brand story to…

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An Overview of Apple Advertising | Advertisements strategies of Apple

June 10, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Apple Advertising

Along with amazing innovations, creative marketing strategies have always been the prime reasons behind the success of leading consumer electronics companies. The success of Apple…

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How to write a Research Question? Types and Tips

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

research question

A question answered with the help of a research project is called a research question. It is essential for both qualitative and quantitative research to…

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Salesforce Automation – Features, Functions And Advantages

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Sales Force Automation

Salesforce automation is the software’s or applications that are used for sales management. It provides a workflow which is automated and creates the sales process,…

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Sales Leadership – Habits And Skills Of Effective Sales leader

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Sales leadership

There is immense importance of leadership in sales jobs. Most of the salespeople who are successful attribute their success to their sales leaders. Good leadership…

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12 Effective and Proven Sales Tactics

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

SALES TACTICS

Developing an unbeatable sales program is a critical aspect of every business. Without having a sales strategy company will not be able to compete and…

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Marketing Materials | Tips for Creating the Best Materials for Marketing

July 3, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Marketing Materials

Adding variety to your marketing materials will help you attract new customers. Marketing materials come in various shapes and formats, each ideal for a specific…

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Convenience Sampling | How to analyze a convenience sample?

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

convinience sampling

Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling technique in which subjects are selected on their convenient access ability as well as proximity to the…

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What is Programmatic Advertising? Importance and Types

June 10, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Programmatic advertising

Programmatic Advertising is when an automated bidding system is used for the real-time automation of buying and selling of ad inventory. It is one of…

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What is E-Procurement? Advantages and Disadvantages

February 21, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

E-Procurement

E-procurement, or electronic procurement, is a rapid-growing trend in supply chain management. E-Procurement simplifies and streamlines traditional procurement processes by providing an online platform for…

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Informative Advertising Vs Persuasive Advertising

May 14, 2025 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Informative Advertising Vs Persuasive Advertising

In any business, marketing and advertising are of the utmost importance. It helps you take the product or the service to the heads and hearts…

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What is the KISS Principle (Keep it Simple, Stupid)? Explanation & How to Use It

June 25, 2024 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

KISS Principle

The KISS concept, “Keep it Simple and Stupid,” is a design principle emphasizing simplicity. Any unnecessary complication should be avoided at all costs. In other…

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Sales Motivation – 9 Ways to Motivate Your Sales Team

June 12, 2023 | By Hitesh Bhasin | Filed Under: Marketing

Sales Motivation

Keeping the sales team motivated is one of the main tasks of a sales manager. He will take any measures to keep his team motivated….

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